Every year, thousands of purebred dogs are bred in Australia, yet little is known about the criteria breeders use when selecting dams and sires. To address this gap, Czerwinski et al. (2016) conducted an online survey of 274 purebred breeders, covering 91 breeds across all Australian National Kennel Club breed groups.
The researchers identified four main components considered important in dam selection: Maternal Care, Offspring Potential, Dam Temperament, and Dam Genetics and Health. While genetics and temperament were often prioritized, awareness of maternal care—crucial for shaping puppy behavior—varied significantly across breed groups.
The study also highlighted concerning gaps in health practices. Some breeders failed to test for diseases relevant to their breed, such as hip dysplasia in Labrador Retrievers and German Shepherds. This underscores the need for greater education among breeders and buyers about the importance of screening for hereditary conditions to improve long-term welfare.
Other findings revealed that most breeders specialized in a single breed, maintained small breeding programs, and produced two litters or fewer per year. Only 24% used their own sires, with many relying on outside studs. Interestingly, breeders of brachycephalic breeds showed the most differences in their attitudes toward genetics, health, and offspring potential.
Overall, the results stress the importance of breeder decisions in shaping not only the health but also the behavior and welfare of future generations of dogs. Education, transparency, and standardized health testing protocols are essential steps toward improving breeding outcomes.
Source: Czerwinski, V., McArthur, M., Smith, B. P., Hynd, P., & Hazel, S. (2016). Selection of Breeding Stock among Australian Purebred Dog Breeders, with Particular Emphasis on the Dam. Animals, 6. Published November 1, 2016.
