Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a well-recognized neurodevelopmental condition in humans, but similar ADHD-like behaviors have also been documented in dogs. These include impulsivity, hyperactivity, attention problems, and aggression, which can strain the relationship between dogs and their caregivers.
In this 2023 study, Ángela González‐Martínez, S. M. Miguel, N. Graña, X. Costas, and F. J. Diéguez evaluated 58 dogs, of which 36 were classified as ADHD-like based on physical, behavioral, and questionnaire assessments (including the C-BARQ, Dog Impulsivity Assessment Scale, and Dog-ADHD rating scale). Blood samples were analyzed for serotonin and dopamine using ELISA testing.
Results revealed that dogs clinically classified as ADHD-like had lower serum serotonin and dopamine concentrations compared to controls. These deficits were strongly associated with aggression, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. In addition, reduced serotonin levels were linked to fear, attachment difficulties, and touch sensitivity, suggesting its role in regulating emotional stability and social behaviors.
The study emphasizes that serotonin and dopamine dysregulation may underlie the neurobiological basis of ADHD-like behaviors in dogs, paralleling findings in human ADHD. This supports the domestic dog as a valuable animal model for studying ADHD, and highlights the importance of integrating neurochemical testing with behavioral assessments for diagnosis and treatment strategies.
These insights could pave the way for improved behavioral management, therapeutic interventions, and welfare outcomes for dogs exhibiting ADHD-like symptoms, while also contributing to cross-species understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Source: González‐Martínez, Á., Miguel, S. M., Graña, N., Costas, X., & Diéguez, F. J. (2023). Serotonin and Dopamine Blood Levels in ADHD-Like Dogs. Animals, 13. Authors: Á. González‐Martínez et al. Publication Date: 2023-03-01. Journal: Animals.
