Food allergies and intolerances in dogs and cats are uncommon but clinically important, as they can affect multiple systems. A 1994 review published in the Australian Veterinary Journal examined the diagnosis and management of these conditions, emphasizing the challenges veterinarians face due to the lack of a definitive test.
The review, authored by J. Wills and R. Harvey, outlined that adverse reactions to food can manifest in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, and even the central nervous system. Among these, pruritus (itching) was identified as the most common clinical sign in affected dogs. Reactions are usually triggered by proteins such as cow’s milk, beef, fish, or cereal, though most food components have the potential to induce allergic responses.
Because no single diagnostic test exists, veterinarians rely on elimination diets to identify food allergies. For dogs, suitable elimination diets include protein sources such as lamb, chicken, rabbit, horse meat, or fish, paired with rice or potatoes. For cats, lamb, chicken, rabbit, or venison with rice are recommended. Improvement in clinical signs while on the elimination diet suggests food sensitivity.
To confirm diagnosis, the original diet must be reintroduced. The recurrence of clinical signs within 7 to 14 days provides strong evidence of a food allergy. This step distinguishes true allergies from other conditions with similar symptoms. The review emphasizes that careful dietary trials remain the most effective tool for managing food sensitivities in companion animals.
Source: Wills, J., & Harvey, R., Australian Veterinary Journal, October 1, 1994.
