Environmental enrichment (EE) is widely used to improve the welfare of animals, including dogs, by introducing physical, sensory, and social stimuli. However, a new study by Rebecca L. Hunt and colleagues questions the one-size-fits-all approach to EE and highlights the differing impacts of specific enrichment activities on dog behavior.
The study examined ten training dogs from an assistance dog charity housed in an office environment. Researchers tested seven EE activities: Bonding, Bubble machine, Conspecific play (dog–dog interaction), Interactive toy, Playhouse, Stuffed food toy, and Tug play. Behavioral responses were analyzed before and after each enrichment session.
The results showed that all enrichment types led to a significant increase in relaxation behaviors (p < 0.01) and a reduction in alertness and stress (p < 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). However, the type of enrichment mattered. Conspecific Play and the Playhouse led to the greatest positive behavior changes, while food-based activities—Interactive toys and Stuffed food toys—showed the least behavioral improvement.
This suggests that social and physical engagement activities may provide more emotional benefits to dogs than solitary or food-based options. The authors advocate for a shift in how enrichment is conceptualized, recommending a mixed-category approach tailored to individual dogs’ needs rather than relying solely on standard food toys.
The findings are particularly relevant for pet owners, dog trainers, shelters, and working dog programs seeking to enhance canine wellbeing. Diverse enrichment strategies that include social and interactive components may be more effective in supporting emotional health.
Source: Rebecca L. Hunt, Hannah Whiteside, and Sarah Prankel. 2022-01-01. “Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Dog Behaviour: Pilot Study.” Animals, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12010077
