Human-directed aggression in dogs is a serious public health issue worldwide, with consequences ranging from distressing encounters to severe injury. Understanding the roots of such behavior is critical for prevention and responsible ownership.
Baslington-Davies et al. (2023) conducted a systematic review of 14 studies examining how early life experiences shape adult aggression risks. Key risk factors identified include the source of the dog, the age of rehoming, reasons for acquisition, the experience level of the owner, early socialization opportunities, consistency of husbandry and management, training methods, litter sex ratios, and even a family history of aggression.
The findings suggest that early life disruptions limiting a dog’s ability to develop effective coping strategies and stable routines increase vulnerability to aggression later in life. By ensuring structured socialization, consistent care, and positive training, owners and breeders can reduce these risks and support healthier human–dog relationships.
Source: Baslington-Davies, A., Howell, H., Hogue, T., & Mills, D. (2023). An Assessment of Scientific Evidence Relating to the Effect of Early Experience on the Risk of Human-Directed Aggression by Adult Dogs. Animals, 13. Published July 1, 2023.
