Dogs have long been recognized for their companionship, but scientific evidence also points to their unique role in buffering stress. A 1991 report in Science News described findings from psychologists Karen M. Allen and James J. Blascovich at the State University of New York at Buffalo, who tested how canine companionship influenced women’s stress responses during difficult mental tasks.
The researchers asked 45 women, all dog owners, to perform challenging mental arithmetic tests under different social conditions. Physiological measures of stress—including blood pressure, pulse rate, and skin conductance—were recorded as participants worked through increasingly difficult calculations. The tasks were performed either in the company of only a researcher, with their own dog present, or with their closest female friend nearby.
The results were striking. When dogs accompanied the women, stress markers showed little change compared to resting levels, suggesting a calming influence. In contrast, the presence of a close friend actually increased stress responses. Women with a friend nearby also performed calculations faster but less accurately, reflecting heightened pressure and reduced precision. By comparison, the company of dogs provided steady, non-judgmental support that seemed to buffer the effects of stress.
These findings fit within broader research showing the health benefits of pets. Other studies cited in the report noted that pet ownership predicted higher survival rates among heart patients and fewer physician visits among older adults. Psychologist Judith M. Siegel concluded that dogs, more than other pets, serve as profound sources of attachment and emotional comfort, helping their owners cope with stress and life’s challenges.
The 1991 work highlights an enduring truth: while human relationships can sometimes amplify stress, dogs provide unconditional support that helps keep stress responses in check.
Source: Bower, B., Science News, November 2, 1991.
