In a widely cited 2003 study, **Yuying Hsu and James Serpell** developed and validated a **comprehensive questionnaire** designed to evaluate dog behavior and temperament. Published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, the study included responses from **1,851 dog owners** from veterinary clinics and national breed clubs, as well as **203 dogs** with diagnosed behavior problems.
The original 152-item survey was refined using **factor analysis**, resulting in **11 reliable behavioral factors** derived from **68 items**. These factors accounted for 57% of the common variance in behavior traits and proved consistent across diverse dog populations. Reliability scores were acceptable for all but one factor.
Importantly, 200 of the 203 dogs with known behavior disorders could be matched to **seven clinical categories** that corresponded directly to the factors identified. For example, dogs diagnosed with aggression-related problems scored significantly higher on the aggression-related factors, validating the **clinical relevance** of the questionnaire.
This tool provides a **standardized, objective approach** to assessing pet dog behavior. It is especially valuable for identifying potential behavior issues, monitoring treatment outcomes, and supporting research into canine temperament.
Today, variations of this questionnaire—such as the well-known **C-BARQ** (Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire)—are commonly used by veterinarians, behaviorists, and researchers worldwide to support both clinical decision-making and behavior research.
Source: Yuying Hsu and James Serpell. Published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, Volume 223, Issue 9, Pages 1293–1300, November 1, 2003.
