The Xoloitzcuintli, or Xolo, is a hairless ancient breed from Mexico revered for its spiritual significance, elegance, and loyal companionship. Available in three sizes, it combines calm dignity with surprising athleticism.
Xoloitzcuintli History
The Xoloitzcuintli (pronounced “show-low-eats-QUEENT-lee”) is one of the oldest and rarest dog breeds in the world, with roots tracing back over 3,000 years in Mesoamerican cultures. The Aztecs, Toltecs, and Maya all considered the Xolo sacred—believing it guided souls to the afterlife and possessed healing powers.
Although the breed nearly vanished in the 20th century, preservation efforts revived it. The AKC recognised the Xoloitzcuintli in 2011 under its proper native name.
Xoloitzcuintli Temperament
The Xolo is calm, loyal, and intelligent. While reserved with strangers, it is deeply affectionate and emotionally tuned to its family. It tends to be quiet and clean, often described as cat-like in its sensibilities.
Xolos are sensitive and benefit from gentle, positive training. Though not hyperactive, they enjoy regular movement and mental stimulation.
Note: Their sensitive nature means they don’t respond well to harsh discipline or chaotic households.
Health and wellness
The hairless Xolo needs skincare rather than fur grooming—regular baths, moisturizing (with dog-safe lotion), and sun protection are essential. The coated variety requires basic brushing.
Xolos enjoy moderate daily activity such as walks, play, and light agility. Their body temperature runs slightly higher, which contributes to their reputation for “healing warmth.”
Significant problems:
Skin infections or sunburn (hairless variety)
Tooth loss or dental crowding (common in hairless types)
Autoimmune disorders (rare)
Patellar luxation
Separation anxiety (emotionally sensitive)
Life expectancy: 13–18 years
🔍 Looking to go deeper into dog training?
Use these categories to explore targeted guides and articles on canine behavior, nutrition, obedience, entertainment, and more.
