Published in the journal Animals, Paula Kiełbik and O. Witkowska-Piłaszewicz conducted a comprehensive review exploring the relationship between the gut microbiota, immune function, and behavioral disorders in dogs. The authors emphasize that the gut–brain axis plays a pivotal role in regulating canine emotions, cognition, and stress responses.
The review explains how the gut microbiome, nervous system, and immune system continuously communicate, shaping both physiological and behavioral responses. Through the production of neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the gut microbiota influences mood regulation, cognition, and behavioral stability in dogs. Disruptions to microbial balance—known as gut dysbiosis—can contribute to anxiety, aggression, compulsive behaviors, and stress sensitivity.
One of the key mechanisms discussed is the link between gut dysbiosis, systemic inflammation, and activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which can intensify stress-related behavioral issues. These changes mirror findings observed in humans and rodent models, supporting the concept of a shared biological pathway affecting behavior across species.
The authors also highlight emerging therapeutic approaches, particularly fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT), which involves transferring healthy gut bacteria from a donor to the recipient dog. This method shows potential in modulating behavior, reducing inflammation, and improving emotional regulation, although further controlled studies are needed.
Kiełbik and Witkowska-Piłaszewicz conclude that future canine behavioral therapy should integrate microbiome-focused interventions alongside traditional training and behavioral modification. Understanding the gut–brain axis presents new opportunities for treating anxiety, compulsive behaviors, and emotional dysregulation in dogs.
Source: Kiełbik, P., & Witkowska-Piłaszewicz, O. (2024). The Relationship between Canine Behavioral Disorders and Gut Microbiome and Future Therapeutic Perspectives. Animals. Published July 1, 2024.
