Neutering is a common and often encouraged practice in pet dog ownership, sometimes even mandated by law. Arroube and Pereira (2025) reviewed the existing literature to evaluate both the benefits and harms of this procedure, with particular focus on behavioral consequences.
The review highlights that neutering is still recommended—especially for males—as a way to reduce undesirable behaviors, such as roaming, mounting, or aggression linked to sexual activity. However, growing evidence suggests that neutering may also increase the risk of fear, anxiety, and panic responses. This duality underscores the need for careful, individualized decision-making.
Researchers note that the effects of neutering are mediated by the interaction of sexual hormones with other hormones and neurotransmitters, including cortisol, oxytocin, dopamine, and serotonin. Breed, sex, and demographic factors further influence behavioral outcomes, making broad generalizations problematic.
Because the existing literature presents mixed findings, the authors stress that more research is needed to clarify the long-term effects of neutering. In the meantime, they recommend considering neutering decisions on a case-by-case basis and exploring alternative techniques for gonad removal when appropriate.
Source: Arroube, A., & Pereira, A. (2025). Dog Neuter, Yes or No? A Summary of the Motivations, Benefits, and Harms, with Special Emphasis on the Behavioral Aspect. Animals, 15.
