Dogs, like humans, may develop an Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-like (ADHD-like) syndrome. This condition manifests through impulsivity, hyperactivity, attention deficits, and sometimes aggression, affecting the well-being of both dogs and their caregivers. The review by González-Martínez and colleagues highlights dogs as valuable models for understanding ADHD, given their behavioral and neurochemical parallels with humans.
The review emphasizes that ADHD-like behavior in dogs stems from a combination of genetic predispositions and environmental influences. Neurotransmitter dysregulation, particularly in serotonin and dopamine systems, appears central to the condition. Beyond core symptoms, affected dogs may also exhibit comorbid conditions such as compulsive behaviors, inappropriate elimination, fearfulness, aggressiveness, epilepsy, foreign body ingestion, and pruritus.
One challenge is the lack of a formal veterinary diagnosis for ADHD-like disorder. While some validated behavioral questionnaires can aid in assessment, they are not sufficient as standalone diagnostic tools. Treatment options include the use of pharmacological interventions such as fluoxetine, along with environmental enrichment, relaxation protocols, and behavior modification. These approaches can improve quality of life for both the dog and its caregiver.
The authors argue that further research is necessary to refine diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies. The review underscores that addressing ADHD-like behaviors in dogs requires an integrated perspective, balancing biological, behavioral, and environmental factors.
Source: González-Martínez, Á., Miguel, S. M., & Diéguez, F. J. (2024). New Advances in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-like Dogs. Animals, 14. MDPI.
