Free-roaming dogs pose significant challenges in developing countries, including the spread of rabies, risks to public health, and welfare concerns for the animals themselves. The review by Jackman and Rowan (2007) examined evidence from international health experts, including findings from a WHO Asia meeting, and concluded that CNR programs are the most sustainable and cost-effective long-term solution.
CNR programs involve the humane capture of free-roaming dogs, their neutering to reduce future population growth, and their safe return to the environment. This approach not only stabilizes and decreases dog populations over time but also helps curb the transmission of rabies by reducing the number of susceptible hosts.
The study emphasized that rabies control in dogs is the only reliable way to eliminate most human cases, and that human vaccination efforts must be paired with dog-focused strategies. By reducing stray dog populations and preventing disease spread, CNR programs improve both public health and animal welfare.
Beyond rabies control, these programs also support community engagement, encourage responsible pet ownership, and prevent inhumane methods of dog population management, such as mass culling. The review underscored the importance of long-term policy support and funding to sustain these initiatives.
Source: Jackman, J. S., & Rowan, A. (2007). Free-Roaming Dogs in Developing Countries: The Benefits of Capture, Neuter, and Return Programs.
