Canine obesity is a rising global concern, with prevalence estimates ranging between 30–60% of the pet population. According to Rendón & Ramírez (2023), obesity in dogs primarily results from an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure, but its development is strongly influenced by dietary patterns and management practices.
The study highlights that feeding frequency plays a role in metabolic responses. Dogs fed two meals daily had lower blood glucose and insulin levels compared to those fed once daily, although ghrelin and GLP1 concentrations showed no significant differences. Exercise remains crucial, as physical activity increases metabolic rate and helps offset excessive caloric intake, making it a cornerstone in weight reduction programs.
Diet composition also significantly affects obesity outcomes. High-protein diets support tissue repair and protein synthesis, especially when provided ad libitum. Omega fatty acids were shown to lower plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein and insulin, while dietary fiber reduced cholesterol and triglycerides. Notably, sterilized dogs had lower metabolic energy requirements than intact dogs, increasing their risk of weight gain if feeding is not carefully adjusted.
These findings suggest that managing canine obesity requires an integrated approach that considers feeding frequency, diet composition, sterilization status, and exercise. Tailoring nutrition and activity levels to individual dogs may help improve well-being and extend longevity.
Source: Rendón, J. G., & Ramírez, P. P. (2023). Obesity in dogs: dimension of the problem and effects of feed. Veterinaria México OA.
