Early-life training is often recommended as a way to prevent future behavior problems in dogs. A study published in April 2021 in the journal Animals investigated whether the timing of puppy training influenced the likelihood of behavioral issues appearing after one year of age. Survey responses from 641 owners, covering 1,023 dogs, were analyzed to evaluate outcomes associated with different training ages.
Dogs that attended training by six months of age had significantly reduced odds of developing behavior problems compared to those that did not. Specifically, early training reduced the likelihood of aggression (by 29%), compulsive behavior (by 36%), destructive behavior (by 40%), and excessive barking (by 32%). However, early training was associated with an increased risk of house soiling, suggesting some trade-offs in outcomes.
The study also found ancillary factors influencing behavior. Dogs acquired at 12 weeks or younger were less likely to develop fear, anxiety, or destructive behavior. Male dogs had lower odds of aggression, compulsive tendencies, and mounting, though they were more likely to engage in rolling in repulsive materials. In contrast, neutered dogs of either sex showed increased risks of fear and anxiety, escaping, coprophagia, and rolling in undesirable substances.
Overall, the results suggest that structured puppy training before six months can significantly reduce the risk of persistent behavior problems. The authors emphasized the importance of timing, acquisition age, and reproductive status as factors shaping long-term canine behavior.
Source: Dinwoodie, I. R., Zottola, V., & Dodman, N. Animals, April 2021.
